The ABCs of UK CBD Compliance
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Table of Contents
The ABCs of UK CBD Compliance
Table of Contents
Summary
What is CBD?
What Are Some of CBD’s Purported Benefits?
Pain Management and Relief
Reduction of Seizure Frequency
Joint Pain and Inflammation Relief
Improvement of Skin Condition
May Work to Improve Sleep
Reduction of Anxiety and Depression
Why is Compliance Important?
Novel Food
Key Considerations
How Much THC is in a Single Container?
Is your CBD Legally Sourced?
Will You Market Your CBD as a Medicine?
Does Your CBD Supplier Provide a Certificate of Analysis (COA)?
Was the CBD Produced in a Regulated Lab?
Final Thoughts
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
References
Summary
While the UK is home to one of the world’s most well-developed regulatory frameworks, CBD compliance can be difficult to navigate for novices and veterans alike. For those looking to enter the CBD market, it’s important to ensure compliance with the law. This piece unpacks some of the most important CBD-related regulations, including legal tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) limits, the source of your CBD and a discussion on the Novel Food Application.
Over the past couple of years, the CBD industry has well and truly exploded onto the international market. Of course, the UK isn’t immune to the fanfare—the local CBD market is, by all means, thriving. What’s more, the more that the potentially therapeutic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids come to light, the more consumer markets open up to the idea of cannabis products.
This article touches briefly on what CBD is and some of its purported benefits before diving into the waters of CBD regulations and compliance in the UK. For CBD business beginners, these are the basics you need to know.
What Is CBD?
CBD, or cannabidiol, is one of many chemical compounds known as cannabinoids found in the Cannabis sativa plant. Often taken in various forms as a natural supplement, CBD is believed to provide a variety of health benefits and to relieve the symptoms of a myriad of common ailments.
Not to be confused with its somewhat scandalous cousin, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)—the primary psychoactive found in the cannabis plant—CBD is non-intoxicating, generally well-tolerated and isn’t thought to be addictive or habit-forming. This means that CBD doesn’t cause the “high” that cannabis is notorious for.
CBD was first isolated from the cannabis plant in the early 40s. CBD’s potential has therefore been suspected for decades; however, research has only expanded in recent years. While it’s certainly been a long time coming, cannabinoids are finally getting the attention they deserve.
Other than playing a supporting role in terms of overall wellness when taken as a natural supplement, CBD shows incredible promise as a complementary therapy. Epilepsy, depression, anxiety and arthritis are just a few of the health issues that CBD may help address.
Although these potential benefits are partly responsible for the decriminalisation of CBD in the UK and many countries across the EU, the differentiation between CBD and THC is largely to thank for the destigmatisation of CBD worldwide.
As a result, the range of innovative and readily available CBD products continues to expand. CBD oils, tinctures, edibles and even cosmetics and skincare are just some of the CBD products making a splash on the EU market.
What Are Some of CBD’s Purported Benefits?
Pain Management and Relief
Evidence suggests that CBD may interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) —a complex cell-signalling system. The ECS regulates vital functions and processes such as sleep, pain and appetite. While more research is needed to confirm the theory, CBD is thought to interact with these receptors to help suppress and manage pain.
Reduction of Seizure Frequency
In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administrations (FDA) approved the use of Epidiolex—a CBD-containing drug—for epilepsy. In one 2019 study, participants suffering from epileptic seizures were dosed with CBD with encouraging results. 43% of the participants reported at least a 50% decrease in seizure frequency, and three patients were reportedly free of seizures altogether.
Joint Pain and Inflammation Relief
CBD’s purported anti-inflammatory properties are believed to influence inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. This means that CBD may help alleviate some of the pain and discomfort that comes with arthritis. However, more evidence is needed to support CBD’s potential anti-arthritic activity.
Improvement of Skin Condition
Sebum is a waxy, oily substance produced naturally by the skin to protect your body from the outside world. However, sebum sometimes mixes with dead skin cells or pollutants, clogging the pores and causing acne breakouts. A study on the effects of CBD on human sebocytes—the cells that create sebum—suggests that CBD may prevent these cells from overproducing sebum and therefore improve overall skin condition.
May Work to Improve Sleep
CBD’s supposed pain and anxiety-relieving properties are thought to promote better quality sleep and restfulness. To date, research seems to support this theory. In one 2019 study, 66.7% of subjects with anxiety or trouble sleeping reported improvement in their sleep cycles within one month of CBD use.
Reduction of Anxiety and Depression
CBD is primarily famed for its potential to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms. Low levels of serotonin are associated with anxiety and depression. CBD is thought to affect serotonin levels by activating serotonin receptors in the brain and increasing the hormone’s levels.
Why is Compliance Important?
According to the Centre for Medicinal Cannabis (CMC), the UK CBD market is expected to generate £690 million in annual sales for 2021. However, before you start operating, it’s essential to get up to speed with the UK’s CBD regulatory framework—which the CMC describes as the most evolved framework in the world
There is a fine line between lawful and unlawful CBD products in the UK. Cannabis and any THC-containing cannabis products are Class B controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. This means that it is unlawful to possess, supply, produce, import, export cannabis or cultivate a plant of the cannabis family without a Home Office licence.
Unlawfully dealing in Class B controlled substances carries a prison sentence of up to 14 years and/or an unlimited fine. Furthermore, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) has the right to freeze your assets to preserve evidence. The CPS has the authority to make confiscation orders—requiring you to hand over assets or pay sums deemed proceeds of the sale of illegal products.
That said, CBD in its pure form is not a controlled substance and is perfectly legal. Read on to find out more about CBD regulations in the UK.
Novel Food
CBD for consumption was classified as a Novel Food in Europe in January 2019. According to the European Commission, Novel Food is food that was not consumed significantly by humans in the EU before 15 May 1997—when the first Regulation on Novel Food came into force.
“Novel Food” can be newly developed food, food produced using new technologies and production processes or food which is or has been traditionally eaten outside of the EU.”
In 2020, the UK called for applications for the retrospective authorisation of CBD products already on the market on 13 March 2020. Any products with applications made after 31 March 2021 would not be added to the list of CBD products that are either initially validated and undergoing a safety assessment or that are “on hold”.
CBD products “on hold” are those with incomplete applications. Because the CBD Novel Food Application (NFA) requires incredibly detailed information on the products—including compositional analyses and absorption and toxicology information—the application process is as lengthy as it is onerous.
CBD products that are not on the list cannot be sold on the market. In addition, while the NFAs are being processed, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) announced that no new CBD products for consumption could be introduced to the market without a fully authorised application.
Of course, the converse applies—companies with validated applications can continue selling their products in England and Wales until independent scientific committees have fully considered them and an authorisation decision has been made.
The authorisation process is further complicated by the fact that the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) previously handled all NFAs. However, due to Brexit, the FSA— which has no prior experience with the authorisation system—must process all applications in the UK.
While the process is certainly no walk in the park, this thoroughness is likely to bode well for the future of CBD. A well-developed regulatory framework can only translate to a certain level of long-term certainty for your CBD business. It also means that consumers are more likely to trust CBD products on the market with the knowledge that they have undergone extensive review.
Nevertheless, the NFA requirement only applies to consumable CBD. Topical CBD such as CBD beauty products, for example, need only adhere to the relevant cosmetic regulations. Therefore, if your interest lies in CBD cosmetics and other topicals, you need not concern yourself with the FSA process.
Key Considerations
Below are several questions you need to ask yourself before entering the CBD market. These questions are designed to help your CBD business satisfy the legal requirements associated with CBD products.
How Much THC is in a Single Container?
Each CBD product container must have less than 1mg of THC, tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and cannabinol (CBN). Although cannabis grown under license in the UK is a variant that produces low levels of CBD—hemp—a precise extraction process is necessary to keep THC levels in check.
In addition, hemp harvested in the UK must be derived from approved strains that contain no more than 0.2% THC by dried weight. However, regardless of the percentage of THC in your product, it is vital to ensure that there is no more than 1mg of THC in each product container.
Is your CBD Legally Sourced?
Some of the most popular places to import CBD products include France, Guernsey, Switzerland and Portugal.
You can import CBD into the UK without a license if it is derived from an EU-approved hemp strain. It is also legal to cultivate industrial hemp on the condition that you hold a Home Office License.
CBD processed in and imported from countries where CBD cultivation is legal is equally acceptable in the UK. Some of the most popular places to import CBD products include France, Switzerland and Portugal.
Will You Market Your CBD as a Medicine?
Generally, CBD is not considered a medicine, so you cannot make any medical claims related to your CBD product.
A license is required to market your CBD product as a medical treatment According to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), medicinal products require a product license before they can be sold, supplied or advertised legally in the UK, unless exempt.
Furthermore, in the interests of public health, licensed medical products must meet safety, quality and efficacy standards.
Does Your CBD Supplier Provide a Certificate of Analysis (COA)?
The first mark of a reliable supplier is a COA for each product. A COA demonstrates that the products have been thoroughly tested, are legally compliant and safe to use. By law, each company must provide a COA for each product. The COA includes a list of cannabinoids, compounds and their concentrations—helping you make sure that the product is above board and as advertised.
Was the CBD Produced in a Regulated Lab?
CBD regulations are constantly developing, so you must ensure your CBD oil undergoes testing at an ISO accredited lab. This affords your company some legal protections and instils a sense of confidence in your customers.
Final Thoughts
There are, undoubtedly, several hoops to jump through to ensure that you are on the right side of the law when it comes to UK CBD compliance. However, if you’re looking to start your own CBD business, then you can save yourself a lot of
Looking to enter the UK CBD market? Engaging a CBD and cannabinoid supplier with UK NFAs in progress and a product range that meets all the legal and safety requirements will jumpstart your CBD business.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is CBD?
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of over a hundred chemical compounds found in the Cannabis sativa plant. It is a popular natural supplement that is thought to support general wellbeing and relieve pain, inflammation and the symptoms of various health conditions.
What is the difference between cannabis and CBD?
The word “cannabis” is a collective term for the herbaceous plants from the Cannabaceae genus. “Cannabinoids”, including CBD, are the naturally occurring chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant.
Is CBD legal in the UK?
Yes, CBD is legal in the UK—provided that it is derived from an EU-approved industrial hemp strain or comes from outside the EU.
What are the consequences of non-compliance?
Cannabis is a Class B controlled substance in the UK. It is crucial that you comply with the relevant regulations or face a prison sentence and/or an unlimited fine.
What is a Novel Food?
Novel Food is food that was not widely consumed in the UK before 15 May 1997, for example, CBD. As a result, there are significant regulatory measures in place to ensure the safety of these “novel” foods. A Novel Food Application (NFA) must be lodged for such food products.
Do I need to submit a Novel Food Application for my CBD business?
The deadline to submit Novel Food Applications (NFAs) for CBD products that were already on the market at the time of the announcement in early 2020 was 31 March 2021. While it is still possible to lodge a new application, your products cannot enter the market until authorisation is granted. Remember that you can always partner with a CBD and cannabinoid supplier like Always Pure Organics with a product range that meets the legal requirements.
Where can I get more information?
The Food Standards Agency provides the most up to date information as regards the regulation of CBD consumables.
References
https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1760722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877694/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6514832/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023045/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7463000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4151231/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6326553/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31039391/
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/contents
https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/novel-food_en
https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/cannabidiol-cbd
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-statement-on-products-containing-cannabidiol-cbd
https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/cannabidiol-cbd
Table of Contents
The ABCs of UK CBD Compliance
Table of Contents
Summary
What is CBD?
What Are Some of CBD’s Purported Benefits?
Pain Management and Relief
Reduction of Seizure Frequency
Joint Pain and Inflammation Relief
Improvement of Skin Condition
May Work to Improve Sleep
Reduction of Anxiety and Depression
Why is Compliance Important?
Novel Food
Key Considerations
How Much THC is in a Single Container?
Is your CBD Legally Sourced?
Will You Market Your CBD as a Medicine?
Does Your CBD Supplier Provide a Certificate of Analysis (COA)?
Was the CBD Produced in a Regulated Lab?
Final Thoughts
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
References
Summary
While the UK is home to one of the world’s most well-developed regulatory frameworks, CBD compliance can be difficult to navigate for novices and veterans alike. For those looking to enter the CBD market, it’s important to ensure compliance with the law. This piece unpacks some of the most important CBD-related regulations, including legal tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) limits, the source of your CBD and a discussion on the Novel Food Application.
Over the past couple of years, the CBD industry has well and truly exploded onto the international market. Of course, the UK isn’t immune to the fanfare—the local CBD market is, by all means, thriving. What’s more, the more that the potentially therapeutic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids come to light, the more consumer markets open up to the idea of cannabis products.
This article touches briefly on what CBD is and some of its purported benefits before diving into the waters of CBD regulations and compliance in the UK. For CBD business beginners, these are the basics you need to know.
What Is CBD?
CBD, or cannabidiol, is one of many chemical compounds known as cannabinoids found in the Cannabis sativa plant. Often taken in various forms as a natural supplement, CBD is believed to provide a variety of health benefits and to relieve the symptoms of a myriad of common ailments.
Not to be confused with its somewhat scandalous cousin, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)—the primary psychoactive found in the cannabis plant—CBD is non-intoxicating, generally well-tolerated and isn’t thought to be addictive or habit-forming. This means that CBD doesn’t cause the “high” that cannabis is notorious for.
CBD was first isolated from the cannabis plant in the early 40s. CBD’s potential has therefore been suspected for decades; however, research has only expanded in recent years. While it’s certainly been a long time coming, cannabinoids are finally getting the attention they deserve.
Other than playing a supporting role in terms of overall wellness when taken as a natural supplement, CBD shows incredible promise as a complementary therapy. Epilepsy, depression, anxiety and arthritis are just a few of the health issues that CBD may help address.
Although these potential benefits are partly responsible for the decriminalisation of CBD in the UK and many countries across the EU, the differentiation between CBD and THC is largely to thank for the destigmatisation of CBD worldwide.
As a result, the range of innovative and readily available CBD products continues to expand. CBD oils, tinctures, edibles and even cosmetics and skincare are just some of the CBD products making a splash on the EU market.
What Are Some of CBD’s Purported Benefits?
Pain Management and Relief
Evidence suggests that CBD may interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) —a complex cell-signalling system. The ECS regulates vital functions and processes such as sleep, pain and appetite. While more research is needed to confirm the theory, CBD is thought to interact with these receptors to help suppress and manage pain.
Reduction of Seizure Frequency
In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administrations (FDA) approved the use of Epidiolex—a CBD-containing drug—for epilepsy. In one 2019 study, participants suffering from epileptic seizures were dosed with CBD with encouraging results. 43% of the participants reported at least a 50% decrease in seizure frequency, and three patients were reportedly free of seizures altogether.
Joint Pain and Inflammation Relief
CBD’s purported anti-inflammatory properties are believed to influence inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. This means that CBD may help alleviate some of the pain and discomfort that comes with arthritis. However, more evidence is needed to support CBD’s potential anti-arthritic activity.
Improvement of Skin Condition
Sebum is a waxy, oily substance produced naturally by the skin to protect your body from the outside world. However, sebum sometimes mixes with dead skin cells or pollutants, clogging the pores and causing acne breakouts. A study on the effects of CBD on human sebocytes—the cells that create sebum—suggests that CBD may prevent these cells from overproducing sebum and therefore improve overall skin condition.
May Work to Improve Sleep
CBD’s supposed pain and anxiety-relieving properties are thought to promote better quality sleep and restfulness. To date, research seems to support this theory. In one 2019 study, 66.7% of subjects with anxiety or trouble sleeping reported improvement in their sleep cycles within one month of CBD use.
Reduction of Anxiety and Depression
CBD is primarily famed for its potential to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms. Low levels of serotonin are associated with anxiety and depression. CBD is thought to affect serotonin levels by activating serotonin receptors in the brain and increasing the hormone’s levels.
Why is Compliance Important?
According to the Centre for Medicinal Cannabis (CMC), the UK CBD market is expected to generate £690 million in annual sales for 2021. However, before you start operating, it’s essential to get up to speed with the UK’s CBD regulatory framework—which the CMC describes as the most evolved framework in the world
There is a fine line between lawful and unlawful CBD products in the UK. Cannabis and any THC-containing cannabis products are Class B controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. This means that it is unlawful to possess, supply, produce, import, export cannabis or cultivate a plant of the cannabis family without a Home Office licence.
Unlawfully dealing in Class B controlled substances carries a prison sentence of up to 14 years and/or an unlimited fine. Furthermore, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) has the right to freeze your assets to preserve evidence. The CPS has the authority to make confiscation orders—requiring you to hand over assets or pay sums deemed proceeds of the sale of illegal products.
That said, CBD in its pure form is not a controlled substance and is perfectly legal. Read on to find out more about CBD regulations in the UK.
Novel Food
CBD for consumption was classified as a Novel Food in Europe in January 2019. According to the European Commission, Novel Food is food that was not consumed significantly by humans in the EU before 15 May 1997—when the first Regulation on Novel Food came into force.
“Novel Food” can be newly developed food, food produced using new technologies and production processes or food which is or has been traditionally eaten outside of the EU.”
In 2020, the UK called for applications for the retrospective authorisation of CBD products already on the market on 13 March 2020. Any products with applications made after 31 March 2021 would not be added to the list of CBD products that are either initially validated and undergoing a safety assessment or that are “on hold”.
CBD products “on hold” are those with incomplete applications. Because the CBD Novel Food Application (NFA) requires incredibly detailed information on the products—including compositional analyses and absorption and toxicology information—the application process is as lengthy as it is onerous.
CBD products that are not on the list cannot be sold on the market. In addition, while the NFAs are being processed, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) announced that no new CBD products for consumption could be introduced to the market without a fully authorised application.
Of course, the converse applies—companies with validated applications can continue selling their products in England and Wales until independent scientific committees have fully considered them and an authorisation decision has been made.
The authorisation process is further complicated by the fact that the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) previously handled all NFAs. However, due to Brexit, the FSA— which has no prior experience with the authorisation system—must process all applications in the UK.
While the process is certainly no walk in the park, this thoroughness is likely to bode well for the future of CBD. A well-developed regulatory framework can only translate to a certain level of long-term certainty for your CBD business. It also means that consumers are more likely to trust CBD products on the market with the knowledge that they have undergone extensive review.
Nevertheless, the NFA requirement only applies to consumable CBD. Topical CBD such as CBD beauty products, for example, need only adhere to the relevant cosmetic regulations. Therefore, if your interest lies in CBD cosmetics and other topicals, you need not concern yourself with the FSA process.
Key Considerations
Below are several questions you need to ask yourself before entering the CBD market. These questions are designed to help your CBD business satisfy the legal requirements associated with CBD products.
How Much THC is in a Single Container?
Each CBD product container must have less than 1mg of THC, tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and cannabinol (CBN). Although cannabis grown under license in the UK is a variant that produces low levels of CBD—hemp—a precise extraction process is necessary to keep THC levels in check.
In addition, hemp harvested in the UK must be derived from approved strains that contain no more than 0.2% THC by dried weight. However, regardless of the percentage of THC in your product, it is vital to ensure that there is no more than 1mg of THC in each product container.
Is your CBD Legally Sourced?
Some of the most popular places to import CBD products include France, Guernsey, Switzerland and Portugal.
You can import CBD into the UK without a license if it is derived from an EU-approved hemp strain. It is also legal to cultivate industrial hemp on the condition that you hold a Home Office License.
CBD processed in and imported from countries where CBD cultivation is legal is equally acceptable in the UK. Some of the most popular places to import CBD products include France, Switzerland and Portugal.
Will You Market Your CBD as a Medicine?
Generally, CBD is not considered a medicine, so you cannot make any medical claims related to your CBD product.
A license is required to market your CBD product as a medical treatment According to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), medicinal products require a product license before they can be sold, supplied or advertised legally in the UK, unless exempt.
Furthermore, in the interests of public health, licensed medical products must meet safety, quality and efficacy standards.
Does Your CBD Supplier Provide a Certificate of Analysis (COA)?
The first mark of a reliable supplier is a COA for each product. A COA demonstrates that the products have been thoroughly tested, are legally compliant and safe to use. By law, each company must provide a COA for each product. The COA includes a list of cannabinoids, compounds and their concentrations—helping you make sure that the product is above board and as advertised.
Was the CBD Produced in a Regulated Lab?
CBD regulations are constantly developing, so you must ensure your CBD oil undergoes testing at an ISO accredited lab. This affords your company some legal protections and instils a sense of confidence in your customers.
Final Thoughts
There are, undoubtedly, several hoops to jump through to ensure that you are on the right side of the law when it comes to UK CBD compliance. However, if you’re looking to start your own CBD business, then you can save yourself a lot of
Looking to enter the UK CBD market? Engaging a CBD and cannabinoid supplier with UK NFAs in progress and a product range that meets all the legal and safety requirements will jumpstart your CBD business.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is CBD?
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of over a hundred chemical compounds found in the Cannabis sativa plant. It is a popular natural supplement that is thought to support general wellbeing and relieve pain, inflammation and the symptoms of various health conditions.
What is the difference between cannabis and CBD?
The word “cannabis” is a collective term for the herbaceous plants from the Cannabaceae genus. “Cannabinoids”, including CBD, are the naturally occurring chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant.
Is CBD legal in the UK?
Yes, CBD is legal in the UK—provided that it is derived from an EU-approved industrial hemp strain or comes from outside the EU.
What are the consequences of non-compliance?
Cannabis is a Class B controlled substance in the UK. It is crucial that you comply with the relevant regulations or face a prison sentence and/or an unlimited fine.
What is a Novel Food?
Novel Food is food that was not widely consumed in the UK before 15 May 1997, for example, CBD. As a result, there are significant regulatory measures in place to ensure the safety of these “novel” foods. A Novel Food Application (NFA) must be lodged for such food products.
Do I need to submit a Novel Food Application for my CBD business?
The deadline to submit Novel Food Applications (NFAs) for CBD products that were already on the market at the time of the announcement in early 2020 was 31 March 2021. While it is still possible to lodge a new application, your products cannot enter the market until authorisation is granted. Remember that you can always partner with a CBD and cannabinoid supplier like Always Pure Organics with a product range that meets the legal requirements.
Where can I get more information?
The Food Standards Agency provides the most up to date information as regards the regulation of CBD consumables.
References
https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1760722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877694/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6514832/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7023045/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7463000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4151231/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6326553/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31039391/
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/contents
https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/novel-food_en
https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/cannabidiol-cbd
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-statement-on-products-containing-cannabidiol-cbd
https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/cannabidiol-cbd
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