Therapeutic effects of CBD
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As research into CBD becomes more developed and we begin to understand more about what potential uses it can have, there will be a corresponding increase in the number of scientific papers that investigate these uses. Found below is a cursory list of some major diseases and disorders, with references to papers that investigate the effects of CBD on them. This list is not exhaustive in any way, focusing on literature from 2019 and before. Whilst the data below makes no claims of proof, it exists to demonstrate the vast potential that CBD (and other cannabinoids) may have when it comes to novel medications.
ALS/MND
Degradation of motor neurons leading to weakness, slurred speech and muscle wastage. No known cure, typically affects people in their 60s/70s.
– Rajan T.S et al. (2017), Riva N et al. (2018)
Anxiety
Moderate to severe anxiety is a symptom of several conditions such as panic disorder, PTSD and social phobia. Anxiety can reduce quality of life and cause distress.
– Bergamaschi M.M et al. (2011), Crippa J.A et al. (2011), Crippa et al. (2015), Gomes et al. (2015), Zuardi et al. (2006, 2012)
Arthritis
A very common condition that causes pain and inflammation in joints. Caused by degradation of cartilage or an unnecessary immune response.
– Hammel D.C et al. (2016), Malfait A.M et al (2000)
Asthma
A common lung condition that causes breathing problems. Inflammation of breathing tissues restricts airflow, often caused by allergies, smoke or exercise.
– Vuolo et al (2015), Vuolo F et al (2019)
Autism
While not a disease, Autism Spectrum Disorder can reduce quality of life through anxiety, difficulty communicating and sensitivity to bright lights/loud noises. Cause unknown, but potentially genetic.
– Aran A et al (2018), Poleg S et al (2019)
Alzheimer’s
The most common form of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease is distinguished by a decline in brain function over time including poor memory, confusion and disorientation. The cause is not fully understood.
– Cheng D et al (2014), Esposito et al (2006a), Esposito et al (2006b), Hayakawa K et al (2007), Martin-Moreno A.M et al (2011), Scuderi C et al (2014)
Cancer Diseases
Cancer is uncontrolled reproduction of rogue cells that invade surrounding tissues and cause damage. There are many forms of cancer and 50% of people will develop it at some point in their life.
– El-alfy et al. (2010), Fisher T et al (2016), Fraguas-Sanchez Al et al (2016), Hsiao et al. (2012), Kenyon J et al (2018), Ligresti et al. (2006), Massi P et al (2013), McAllister et al. (2011), Opitz B.J et al (2019), Pellati F et al (2018), Pisanti et al. (2013), Ramer et al. (2014), Ramer R et al (2016), Rocha et al. (2014), Scott et al. (2014), Shoval et al. (2016), Shrivastava et al. (2011), Ward S.J et al (2014)
Chronic Pain
Pain that lasts more than 3 months is referred to as chronic and leads to a serious reduction in quality of life. There are several possible causes; chemical levels in the brain, genetics or experiencing a traumatic event.
– Boychuk et al. (2015), Petzke et al. (2016), Urits I et al (2019)
Depression
Characterised by sadness lasting for at least weeks, depression can be mild or severe enough to lead to suicide. Sometimes accompanied by physical symptoms such as pain, lack of appetite or sex drive.
– Almeida et al. (2013), Bergamaschi et al. (2011), Lemos et al. (2010), Marinho et al. (2015), de Mello S et al. (2014), Moreira et al. (2006), Schier A et al (2014)
Diabetes
Both Type 1 and 2 diabetes are related to a lack of the hormone Insulin, leading to increased blood sugar levels. If unmanaged, it can lead to major health issues or even death.
– Rajesh M et al (2010), Toth C.C et al (2010)
Epilepsy
A neurological condition that causes bursts of electrical activity in the brain, called seizures. Seizures can have a wide range of effects, some of which are severely debilitating.
– Devinsky et al. (2011), Devinsky et al. (2014), Devinsky et al. (2016), Gofshteyn JS et al. (2017), Pamplona F.A et al. (2018), Pertwee (2008), Porter B.E et al. (2013)
Fibromyalgia
A form of chronic pain, often accompanied by tiredness, stiffness and increased sensitivity. Reasonably common with no known cure.
– Moeller-Bertram et al (2019), Sinai A et al (2018)
Huntington’s Disease
An inherited condition that stops the brain working. Worsens over time and is fatal typically within 20 years. Causes poor coordination, depression and personality changes.
– Consroe et al. (1991), Iuvone et al. (2009), Pisanti S et al (2017), Sagredo O et al (2007), Sagredo et al. (2011)
IBS / Chron’s Disease
A lifelong condition characterised by inflammation of the digestive tract. Symptoms may be constant or come and go and consist of diarrhoea, tiredness and stomach cramps.
– Esposito G et al (2012), Naftali T et al (2013)
Insomnia
An inability to consistently get regular sleep. Could be an inability to fall asleep, stay asleep or wake, lying awake all night or still feeling tired despite having slept.
– Carlini E.A et al (1981), Linares I.M.P et al (2018)
Ischemic Stroke (cerebral infarction)
Caused by a clot blocking blood flow to the brain. Survivors are often left with long-term brain problems and care requirements for the rest of their life.
– Hayakawa et al. (2007), Hayakawa et al. (2009), Mori M.A et al (2017), Pazos et al. (2012, 2013), Valdepeñas et al. (2011)
Migraine
A strong headache typically felt on one side of the brain, migraines are a common affliction among adults that can occur often of years apart. Thought to be caused by chemicals or blood flow in the brain.
– Russo E.B et al (2005), Russo E.B (2008), Russo E.B (2014), Turner Z et al (2018)
Multiple Sclerosis
A life-long condition that can cause serious disability. Symptoms include fatigue, muscle problems and reduced thinking capability, caused by the body’s immune system attacking the protective covering of the nerve system.
– Buccellato et al (2011), Elliott DM et al (2017), Giacoppo et al (2015), Kozela et al (2011, 2015), Mecha et al (2013)
Parkinson’s Disease
Caused by a loss of nerve cells in the brain, Parkinson’s leads to shaking, stiffness and inflexibility. Affects around 1 in 500 people and has no cure.
– Chagas M.H.N et al (2014a), Chagas MHN et al (2014b), Iffland K et al (2017), Lastres-Becker et al. (2005), Zuardi et al. (2009)
PTSD
An anxiety disorder caused by very stressful or traumatic events. Suspected to affect 1 in 3 who suffer one of these events. Can cause nightmares, feelings of isolation and flashbacks.
– Bitencourt R.M et al (2018), Campos A.C et al (2012), Elms L et al (2019), Loflin M.J.E et al (2017)
Restless Legs Syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease)
A common condition of the nervous system that causes an urge to move one’s legs. Also associated with involuntary jerking of the arms and legs.
– Crippa J.A et al (2019), Ghorayeb (2019)
Schizophrenia
A severe long-term form of psychosis that causes a range of symptoms including hallucinations, delusions and loss of interest. The cause is unknown and it requires constant, bespoke care to properly manage.
– Leweke F.M et al (2012), Morgan C.J.A et al (2008)
Skin problems
A wide range of issues such as eczema, psoriasis or just dryness. Many have no cure, only treatments, but even curable conditions can cause discomfort and irritation.
– Lodzki M et al (2003), Sinai A et al (2018b)
As research into CBD becomes more developed and we begin to understand more about what potential uses it can have, there will be a corresponding increase in the number of scientific papers that investigate these uses. Found below is a cursory list of some major diseases and disorders, with references to papers that investigate the effects of CBD on them. This list is not exhaustive in any way, focusing on literature from 2019 and before. Whilst the data below makes no claims of proof, it exists to demonstrate the vast potential that CBD (and other cannabinoids) may have when it comes to novel medications.
ALS/MND
Degradation of motor neurons leading to weakness, slurred speech and muscle wastage. No known cure, typically affects people in their 60s/70s.
– Rajan T.S et al. (2017), Riva N et al. (2018)
Anxiety
Moderate to severe anxiety is a symptom of several conditions such as panic disorder, PTSD and social phobia. Anxiety can reduce quality of life and cause distress.
– Bergamaschi M.M et al. (2011), Crippa J.A et al. (2011), Crippa et al. (2015), Gomes et al. (2015), Zuardi et al. (2006, 2012)
Arthritis
A very common condition that causes pain and inflammation in joints. Caused by degradation of cartilage or an unnecessary immune response.
– Hammel D.C et al. (2016), Malfait A.M et al (2000)
Asthma
A common lung condition that causes breathing problems. Inflammation of breathing tissues restricts airflow, often caused by allergies, smoke or exercise.
– Vuolo et al (2015), Vuolo F et al (2019)
Autism
While not a disease, Autism Spectrum Disorder can reduce quality of life through anxiety, difficulty communicating and sensitivity to bright lights/loud noises. Cause unknown, but potentially genetic.
– Aran A et al (2018), Poleg S et al (2019)
Alzheimer’s
The most common form of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease is distinguished by a decline in brain function over time including poor memory, confusion and disorientation. The cause is not fully understood.
– Cheng D et al (2014), Esposito et al (2006a), Esposito et al (2006b), Hayakawa K et al (2007), Martin-Moreno A.M et al (2011), Scuderi C et al (2014)
Cancer Diseases
Cancer is uncontrolled reproduction of rogue cells that invade surrounding tissues and cause damage. There are many forms of cancer and 50% of people will develop it at some point in their life.
– El-alfy et al. (2010), Fisher T et al (2016), Fraguas-Sanchez Al et al (2016), Hsiao et al. (2012), Kenyon J et al (2018), Ligresti et al. (2006), Massi P et al (2013), McAllister et al. (2011), Opitz B.J et al (2019), Pellati F et al (2018), Pisanti et al. (2013), Ramer et al. (2014), Ramer R et al (2016), Rocha et al. (2014), Scott et al. (2014), Shoval et al. (2016), Shrivastava et al. (2011), Ward S.J et al (2014)
Chronic Pain
Pain that lasts more than 3 months is referred to as chronic and leads to a serious reduction in quality of life. There are several possible causes; chemical levels in the brain, genetics or experiencing a traumatic event.
– Boychuk et al. (2015), Petzke et al. (2016), Urits I et al (2019)
Depression
Characterised by sadness lasting for at least weeks, depression can be mild or severe enough to lead to suicide. Sometimes accompanied by physical symptoms such as pain, lack of appetite or sex drive.
– Almeida et al. (2013), Bergamaschi et al. (2011), Lemos et al. (2010), Marinho et al. (2015), de Mello S et al. (2014), Moreira et al. (2006), Schier A et al (2014)
Diabetes
Both Type 1 and 2 diabetes are related to a lack of the hormone Insulin, leading to increased blood sugar levels. If unmanaged, it can lead to major health issues or even death.
– Rajesh M et al (2010), Toth C.C et al (2010)
Epilepsy
A neurological condition that causes bursts of electrical activity in the brain, called seizures. Seizures can have a wide range of effects, some of which are severely debilitating.
– Devinsky et al. (2011), Devinsky et al. (2014), Devinsky et al. (2016), Gofshteyn JS et al. (2017), Pamplona F.A et al. (2018), Pertwee (2008), Porter B.E et al. (2013)
Fibromyalgia
A form of chronic pain, often accompanied by tiredness, stiffness and increased sensitivity. Reasonably common with no known cure.
– Moeller-Bertram et al (2019), Sinai A et al (2018)
Huntington’s Disease
An inherited condition that stops the brain working. Worsens over time and is fatal typically within 20 years. Causes poor coordination, depression and personality changes.
– Consroe et al. (1991), Iuvone et al. (2009), Pisanti S et al (2017), Sagredo O et al (2007), Sagredo et al. (2011)
IBS / Chron’s Disease
A lifelong condition characterised by inflammation of the digestive tract. Symptoms may be constant or come and go and consist of diarrhoea, tiredness and stomach cramps.
– Esposito G et al (2012), Naftali T et al (2013)
Insomnia
An inability to consistently get regular sleep. Could be an inability to fall asleep, stay asleep or wake, lying awake all night or still feeling tired despite having slept.
– Carlini E.A et al (1981), Linares I.M.P et al (2018)
Ischemic Stroke (cerebral infarction)
Caused by a clot blocking blood flow to the brain. Survivors are often left with long-term brain problems and care requirements for the rest of their life.
– Hayakawa et al. (2007), Hayakawa et al. (2009), Mori M.A et al (2017), Pazos et al. (2012, 2013), Valdepeñas et al. (2011)
Migraine
A strong headache typically felt on one side of the brain, migraines are a common affliction among adults that can occur often of years apart. Thought to be caused by chemicals or blood flow in the brain.
– Russo E.B et al (2005), Russo E.B (2008), Russo E.B (2014), Turner Z et al (2018)
Multiple Sclerosis
A life-long condition that can cause serious disability. Symptoms include fatigue, muscle problems and reduced thinking capability, caused by the body’s immune system attacking the protective covering of the nerve system.
– Buccellato et al (2011), Elliott DM et al (2017), Giacoppo et al (2015), Kozela et al (2011, 2015), Mecha et al (2013)
Parkinson’s Disease
Caused by a loss of nerve cells in the brain, Parkinson’s leads to shaking, stiffness and inflexibility. Affects around 1 in 500 people and has no cure.
– Chagas M.H.N et al (2014a), Chagas MHN et al (2014b), Iffland K et al (2017), Lastres-Becker et al. (2005), Zuardi et al. (2009)
PTSD
An anxiety disorder caused by very stressful or traumatic events. Suspected to affect 1 in 3 who suffer one of these events. Can cause nightmares, feelings of isolation and flashbacks.
– Bitencourt R.M et al (2018), Campos A.C et al (2012), Elms L et al (2019), Loflin M.J.E et al (2017)
Restless Legs Syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease)
A common condition of the nervous system that causes an urge to move one’s legs. Also associated with involuntary jerking of the arms and legs.
– Crippa J.A et al (2019), Ghorayeb (2019)
Schizophrenia
A severe long-term form of psychosis that causes a range of symptoms including hallucinations, delusions and loss of interest. The cause is unknown and it requires constant, bespoke care to properly manage.
– Leweke F.M et al (2012), Morgan C.J.A et al (2008)
Skin problems
A wide range of issues such as eczema, psoriasis or just dryness. Many have no cure, only treatments, but even curable conditions can cause discomfort and irritation.
– Lodzki M et al (2003), Sinai A et al (2018b)
References
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Bergamaschi M et al. (2011a) Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients. Neuropsychopharmacology; 36(6): 1219-1226
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