As research into CBD becomes more developed and we begin to understand more about what potential uses it can have, there will be a corresponding increase in the number of scientific papers that investigate these uses. Found below is a cursory list of some major diseases and disorders, with references to papers that investigate the effects of CBD on them. This list is not exhaustive in any way, focusing on literature from 2019 and before. Whilst the data below makes no claims of proof, it exists to demonstrate the vast potential that CBD (and other cannabinoids) may have when it comes to novel medications.

ALS/MND
Degradation of motor neurons leading to weakness, slurred speech and muscle wastage. No known cure, typically affects people in their 60s/70s.

– Rajan T.S et al. (2017), Riva N et al. (2018)

Anxiety

Moderate to severe anxiety is a symptom of several conditions such as panic disorder, PTSD and social phobia. Anxiety can reduce quality of life and cause distress.

– Bergamaschi M.M et al. (2011), Crippa J.A et al. (2011), Crippa et al. (2015), Gomes et al. (2015), Zuardi et al. (2006, 2012)

Arthritis
A very common condition that causes pain and inflammation in joints. Caused by degradation of cartilage or an unnecessary immune response.

– Hammel D.C et al. (2016), Malfait A.M et al (2000)

Asthma

A common lung condition that causes breathing problems. Inflammation of breathing tissues restricts airflow, often caused by allergies, smoke or exercise.

– Vuolo et al (2015), Vuolo F et al (2019)

Autism
While not a disease, Autism Spectrum Disorder can reduce quality of life through anxiety, difficulty communicating and sensitivity to bright lights/loud noises. Cause unknown, but potentially genetic.

– Aran A et al (2018), Poleg S et al (2019)

Alzheimer’s

The most common form of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease is distinguished by a decline in brain function over time including poor memory, confusion and disorientation. The cause is not fully understood.

– Cheng D et al (2014), Esposito et al (2006a), Esposito et al (2006b), Hayakawa K et al (2007), Martin-Moreno A.M et al (2011), Scuderi C et al (2014)

Cancer Diseases
Cancer is uncontrolled reproduction of rogue cells that invade surrounding tissues and cause damage. There are many forms of cancer and 50% of people will develop it at some point in their life.

– El-alfy et al. (2010), Fisher T et al (2016), Fraguas-Sanchez Al et al (2016), Hsiao et al. (2012), Kenyon J et al (2018), Ligresti et al. (2006), Massi P et al (2013), McAllister et al. (2011), Opitz B.J et al (2019), Pellati F et al (2018), Pisanti et al. (2013), Ramer et al. (2014), Ramer R et al (2016), Rocha et al. (2014), Scott et al. (2014), Shoval et al. (2016), Shrivastava et al. (2011), Ward S.J et al (2014)

Chronic Pain

Pain that lasts more than 3 months is referred to as chronic and leads to a serious reduction in quality of life. There are several possible causes; chemical levels in the brain, genetics or experiencing a traumatic event.

– Boychuk et al. (2015), Petzke et al. (2016), Urits I et al (2019)

Depression
Characterised by sadness lasting for at least weeks, depression can be mild or severe enough to lead to suicide. Sometimes accompanied by physical symptoms such as pain, lack of appetite or sex drive.

– Almeida et al. (2013), Bergamaschi et al. (2011), Lemos et al. (2010), Marinho et al. (2015), de Mello S et al. (2014), Moreira et al. (2006), Schier A et al (2014)

Diabetes

Both Type 1 and 2 diabetes are related to a lack of the hormone Insulin, leading to increased blood sugar levels. If unmanaged, it can lead to major health issues or even death.

– Rajesh M et al (2010), Toth C.C et al (2010)

Epilepsy

A neurological condition that causes bursts of electrical activity in the brain, called seizures. Seizures can have a wide range of effects, some of which are severely debilitating.

– Devinsky et al. (2011), Devinsky et al. (2014), Devinsky et al. (2016), Gofshteyn JS et al. (2017), Pamplona F.A et al. (2018), Pertwee (2008), Porter B.E et al. (2013)

Fibromyalgia

A form of chronic pain, often accompanied by tiredness, stiffness and increased sensitivity. Reasonably common with no known cure.

– Moeller-Bertram et al (2019), Sinai A et al (2018)

Huntington’s Disease

An inherited condition that stops the brain working. Worsens over time and is fatal typically within 20 years. Causes poor coordination, depression and personality changes.

– Consroe et al. (1991), Iuvone et al. (2009), Pisanti S et al (2017), Sagredo O et al (2007), Sagredo et al. (2011)

IBS / Chron’s Disease

A lifelong condition characterised by inflammation of the digestive tract. Symptoms may be constant or come and go and consist of diarrhoea, tiredness and stomach cramps.

– Esposito G et al (2012), Naftali T et al (2013)

Insomnia

An inability to consistently get regular sleep. Could be an inability to fall asleep, stay asleep or wake, lying awake all night or still feeling tired despite having slept.

– Carlini E.A et al (1981), Linares I.M.P et al (2018)

Ischemic Stroke (cerebral infarction)

Caused by a clot blocking blood flow to the brain. Survivors are often left with long-term brain problems and care requirements for the rest of their life.

– Hayakawa et al. (2007), Hayakawa et al. (2009), Mori M.A et al (2017), Pazos et al. (2012, 2013), Valdepeñas et al. (2011)

Migraine

A strong headache typically felt on one side of the brain, migraines are a common affliction among adults that can occur often of years apart. Thought to be caused by chemicals or blood flow in the brain.

– Russo E.B et al (2005), Russo E.B (2008), Russo E.B (2014), Turner Z et al (2018)

Multiple Sclerosis

A life-long condition that can cause serious disability. Symptoms include fatigue, muscle problems and reduced thinking capability, caused by the body’s immune system attacking the protective covering of the nerve system.

– Buccellato et al (2011), Elliott DM et al (2017), Giacoppo et al (2015), Kozela et al (2011, 2015), Mecha et al (2013)

Parkinson’s Disease

Caused by a loss of nerve cells in the brain, Parkinson’s leads to shaking, stiffness and inflexibility. Affects around 1 in 500 people and has no cure.

–  Chagas M.H.N et al (2014a), Chagas MHN et al (2014b), Iffland K et al (2017), Lastres-Becker et al. (2005), Zuardi et al. (2009)

PTSD

An anxiety disorder caused by very stressful or traumatic events. Suspected to affect 1 in 3 who suffer one of these events. Can cause nightmares, feelings of isolation and flashbacks.

– Bitencourt R.M et al (2018), Campos A.C et al (2012), Elms L et al (2019), Loflin M.J.E et al (2017)

Restless Legs Syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease)

A common condition of the nervous system that causes an urge to move one’s legs. Also associated with involuntary jerking of the arms and legs.

– Crippa J.A et al (2019), Ghorayeb (2019)

Schizophrenia

A severe long-term form of psychosis that causes a range of symptoms including hallucinations, delusions and loss of interest. The cause is unknown and it requires constant, bespoke care to properly manage.

– Leweke F.M et al (2012), Morgan C.J.A et al (2008)

Skin problems

A wide range of issues such as eczema, psoriasis or just dryness. Many have no cure, only treatments, but even curable conditions can cause discomfort and irritation.

– Lodzki M et al (2003), Sinai A et al (2018b)

 

As the UK Government once again begins the process of lifting lockdown restrictions next week, Alexandra Gkoutzidou -Research Assistant at Always Pure Organics, discusses social anxiety and using CBD to manage the symptoms.

Governments around the world have enforced lockdown measures to control and prevent the transmission of Covid-19. The global pandemic has taken its toll on individuals physical health, mental health [8, 9], political relationships and the economics of people, households and whole countries. Many have reported suffering with depression and anxiety during this lockdown, coping with adjusting to a life spent increasingly indoors and the isolation that can come with it. Changes in work life, such as working from home, being on furlough or even losing their jobs, are all also contributing factors to a decline in wellbeing [8,9]. While most may take comfort in the knowledge that the lockdown measurements ease, there are also groups of people who will experience anxiety from the idea that they will have to go back to their “normal”, more social lives.

For more information on using CBD to help manage symptoms of anxiety (lockdown related or otherwise) see a previous article here.

A lot of people with social anxiety, have found comfort in the lockdown measures. Social anxiety disorder is a form of anxiety that manifests itself in social situations [1]. That manifestation can take the form of agonising over everyday activities, or avoiding such activities all together, always worrying of “embarrassing” oneself and fixating over such thoughts. Therefore, carrying out tasks and activities while ‘being watched’ by others can be more difficult for those suffering from social anxiety. The fear of being judged and criticised can become overwhelming. In such situations, the sufferer can experience unpleasant and distressing physical responses, such as blushing, excess sweating, trembling, palpitations, nausea or even panic attacks [2].

There is historic and scientific evidence to show pandemics, such as Covid-19, are harmful for the mental health of the affected population [3, 4, 5, 6]. But a recent study [7] investigated the effect of lockdown on social anxiety. To sum up, according to this study, the pandemic causes elevated levels of social anxiety, and the lockdown helps people with social anxiety minimise such feelings. Additionally, there are a lot of anecdotal cases of people who express their dissatisfaction, or their fear of going back to their ‘normal’ life once the pandemic is lifted. People with social anxiety might have found comfort in working from home and avoiding social situations, therefore may be experiencing feelings of dread around the idea of returning to the office or to social occasions such as weddings, parties and other gatherings.

Just like any other type of anxiety, CBD could help with the symptoms of social anxiety either by incorporating a CBD dose in the everyday life or with acute use before a stressful situation. For more information, read our article on CBD effects on anxiety here.

Author: Alexandra Gkoutzidou

 

References

[1] PMID: 25577940
[2] https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/social-anxiety/
[3] DOI: 10.3201/eid1105.040512
[4] doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2651
[5] https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1116
[6] DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
[7] doi:10.3390/ijerph17124561
[8] https://www.who.int/news/item/05-10-2020-covid-19-disrupting-mental-health-services-in-most-countries-who-survey#:~:text=Bereavement%2C%20isolation%2C%20loss,outcomes%20and%20even%20death
[9] https://www.health.org.uk/news-and-comment/blogs/emerging-evidence-on-covid-19s-impact-on-mental-health-and-health?gclid=CjwKCAjwjbCDBhAwEiwAiudBy41_q5yWGnAG6AwKwQicnHiTeAfbVU23jQLpelqe-AlctgPd9MxadhoCe5cQAvD_BwE

 

What is Endometriosis?

The endometrium is the lining of the uterus that hosts the zygote after fertilisation of the egg[3]. If the egg does not get fertilised, meaning does not embed itself to the endometrium, the endometrium sheds off, causing menstruation. Then the endometrium will be reconstructed in expectation of the next zygote and shed off again if that does not happen. The endometrium, therefore, is destroyed and reconstructed every month. When endometrium cells grow in different part of the uterus (other than the endometrium lining) or even the body, this is called endometriosis[2]. The endometrium cells will shed and regrow every month no matter their location in the body, causing lesions, painful periods (dysmenorrhea), pelvic pain, infertility, or subfertility. Statistically 1 in 10 people with a fertile uterus suffer from endometriosis, but its cause is not clear yet.

It appears that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the normal processes of the female reproductive system[3, 9]. Studies show that proper regulation of the ECS is important to maintain a healthy regulated reproductive system. It has been observed that endocannabinoids’ and their degradative/oxidative enzymes’ expression fluctuate in the female reproductive organ in accordance with the stage of the menstrual cycle[5]. The levels of these endocannabinoids are raised to increase fertility during ovulation and then fall during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Research has shown that this fluctuation of the ECS is not as well-regulated for people suffering from endometriosis. The results have shown that people with endometriosis have low amount of CB1 receptors in the uterus and abnormal levels of endocannabinoids in their blood during their menstrual cycle.

Evidence shows that in the reproductive system, the use of cannabinoids operates in more than one way. The way the cannabinoids operate in this system is related to both the amount of expressed cannabinoids and also in the phase of the menstrual cycle. The use of cannabinoids to treat endometriosis, is therefore a complicated case and in such cases it is important to consult a doctor instead of self-medicating, because high levels of the “wrong” cannabinoid, or even at the wrong time of the month could possibly affect ones fertility or cause other gynaecological issues. McHugh et al [4], researched the effect of THC and N-arachidonyl in the migration of endometrial cells in an animal cell culture. It was observed that while the above two cannabinoids induce migration of the endometrial cells, CBD prohibits it. While this research gives way to more in-depth research for the effect of CBD in human endometriosis, it does not provide sufficient data to claim that CBD is beneficial against endometriosis.

There are two clinical trials currently taking place, researching just that. The first is an open label phase II trial, studying an 1:1 ratio of THC and CBD administered to endometriosis patients to reduce hyperalgesia[6]. The second is a phase III double blind placebo study, where patients will receive norethindrone acetate, a type of hormonal treatment, in accompany with 10 or 20mg of CBD for the management of endometriosis pain[7]. Regardless, a lot of people are already using cannabis and/or CBD to treat the pain derived from endometriosis. Research that took place in Australia investigated the self-management strategies amongst Australian women with endometriosis [8]. This online research was published on social media and invited women to share their own methods of treating their endometriosis symptoms. The authors suggested that the anonymity of an online research could increase engagement, due to the fact a lot of people use illegal substances to treat pain symptoms. The most common strategies used were self-care and lifestyle choices like heat, rest and meditation, but the most highly effective rated self-reported methods were Cannabis, heat, hemp/CBD oil, and dietary changes.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that the use of CBD, THC and possibly other cannabinoids could help treat the pain related to endometriosis, but given the role the ECS has in the uterus there should be more in-depth research in order to realise the factual role CBD plays in endometriosis (if any). The pain sensory system is different to the reproductive system. The role of CBD in pain is well understood and the analgesic effect of CBD in endometriosis pain is probably related to it instead of an effect to the endometrial cells [5, 10, 11].

Nonetheless, CBD has been shown to have positive effects for patients with diseases related to ectopic movement of cells in the body, like cancer and psoriasis. Indeed, CBD has been shown not only to inhibit some cancer cells growth, but also to mediate these cell’s movement to other parts of the body (metastasis) [14, 15, 16]. Similarly, psoriasis is a disease which one of its symptoms is the over production of new skin cells too quickly, that causes the scales. In that case, CBD has been shown to positively affect the skin making it more elastic, better hydrated and reducing the amount of scales by promoting the balanced production of cells and minimising the ectopic production [12]. Similarly, CBD could possibly benefit the ectopic production of endometrial cells but it is yet to be researched.

The levels of cannabinoids in the uterus are strongly related to the phase of the menstrual cycle and they are formed so to increase fertility [9, 13]. Therefore, it is ill advised to use any cannabinoids if you are trying to get pregnant or have a related health problem without advising your doctor and testing whether the endocannabinoid levels are correct during your cycle. A well balanced ECS is the target so always follow the dosage directions.

Author: Alexandra Gkoutzidou

References

[1] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/endometriosis/
[2] doi: 10.1002/bies.201100099
[3] doi:10.1093/molehr/gas037
[4] DOI:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01497.x
[5] DOI: 10.1089/can.2016.0035
[6] https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03875261
[7] https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04527003
[8] doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2431-x
[9] DOI: 10.1177/1933719114533730
[10] DOI: 10.11607/ofph.1274
[11] https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-019-0114-4
[12] doi: 10.7417/CT.2019.2116
[13] DOI              10.1186/1471-2202-11-44
[14] DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0611-7
[15] doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.3532
[16] DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155409

 

Strenuous exercise has been proven to affect many aspects of athletes’ health. The toll of championship can be psychological (anxiety), habitual (sleep pattern) and physical (injuries, bone health, nerve damage, muscular pain, gastrointestinal, infections). CBD is not a panacea for all problems, but the mechanisms through which it promotes the body’s homeostasis can help ease some of the adverse effects induced through exercise.

CBD for the Bones
Exercise injuries are common. While working out is beneficial overall to bone health, athletes are also prone to injuries and low energy availability. This can cause overall bone health to deteriorate and cause nerve damage. The effect of CBD in human bones has not yet been researched, but the role of the Endocannabinoid system has been investigated to some degree. The endocannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 expressed in bones regulate bone homeostasis[6]. Endocannabinoid, and animal studies indicate that CBD can possibly enhance fracture healing, and could prevent bone loss, and minimise post-fracture bone callus size.

CBD for the Nervous System
Peripheral nerve injuries in sports are rare, and they are usually the result of an injury [7]. Such injuries in sports are caused by pressure, stretching or bone fracture. According to a review conducted by JA Prenderville et al (2015) [9], “Indeed, cannabinoids have clear modulatory roles in adult neurogenesis, probably through activation of both CB1 and CB2 receptors”. Up until the 1960s it was widely presumed that the adult brain is incapable of self-regeneration. This was disproven in 1965 by Altman and Das [10], but while much progress has been made in the understanding the mechanisms of neurogenesis in adults, the process is not yet fully understood. It is hypothesised that endocannabinoids might play an important role in some phases of neurogenesis [9]. The cannabinoid system has been identified as having a central role in adult neurogenesis of the hippocampus.

CBD for the Muscles
Exercise can also cause ultrastructural damage to skeletal muscles. The body would naturally pump this area with blood (inflammatory response) to promote repair, regeneration and adaptation of the sore muscle. CBD has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties[11]. While inflammation is integral for muscle regeneration[4], it may also contribute to prolonged muscle soreness and delayed functional recovery. The anti-inflammatory properties of CBD are well received by a growing number of athletes who swear by CBD balms, lotions and oils and their positive benefits for things like recovery, pain-relief and mitigation of inflammation.

CBD for the Gastrointestinal System
One of the most tangible and immediate effects of CBD based on the author’s experience is its action against nausea and stomach irritations[4]. 30-50% of endurance athletes have experienced some gastrointestinal symptoms in their career[3]. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal angina, and bloody diarrhoea. These symptoms are usually mild and results of nutritional habits, mechanical causes, water consumption, and blood flow towards the working muscles and away from the splanchnic area. These symptoms don’t always affect the performance of athletes but for beginners in sports or for those starting their gym-going or sports journey, this feeling of nausea could certainly impact motivation and potentially reaching a goal.

There are two identified phases of the effects of CBD. High doses (more than 1500mg per day) can attenuate vomiting. However, following the FSA’s advice of no more than 70mg of CBD per day is reported to help reduce these feelings of nausea and vomiting. CBD patches provide a steady continuous release of CBD over a period. This method of delivery alongside CBD’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may protect the stomach in cases of intense exercise induced gastrointestinal symptoms.

CBD for Pain

One of CBD’s most beneficial effects shown in pre-clinical studies is an observed significant analgesic effect[4]. It is important to recognise that the analgesic effect of CBD likely depends on several factors, including the treatment dose and the nature of the pain, along with the application method. CBD at the advised maximum usage instructions (70mg, according to the FSA) do not consistently attenuate pain. Data also demonstrates the selectivity of the response, indicating that CBD is only effective in attenuating the development of neuropathic pain induced by certain chemotherapeutic agents. All in all, animal models have shown that topical dermal application of CBD can indeed have an analgesic effect.

CBD for Sleep and Mental Health
Competitive sports usually operate in a high-pressure environment. No matter how talented the athlete, the stress can take a toll and affect performance as well as all other aspects of their life. Including sleep! Bad sleep, can raise one’s performance anxiety which can create a vicious circle. CBD has been shown to improve both anxiety and sleep. Always Pure Organics have established in a previous article how CBD can positively impact acute stress or anxiety disorders.

Exercising regularly is widely believed to aide good night’s sleep, yet athletes are reported to sleep on average 1.2-1.5 hours less than non athletes and experience poorer overall sleep quality. Good quality sleep has been proven to optimise athletic performance and recovery time. A study in insomniac [12] patients using CBD showed an increase in both the quantity and quality of sleep. Adding doses of CBD oil in a bedtime warm drink before sleeping, could therefore potentially possibly help to improve sleep quality. Or, for athletes suffering from performance anxiety, a dose of CBD an hour before their game/race/performance/etc could support in managing these symptoms [8].

CBD for Your Needs
A growing number of high-profile athletes are now ambassadors for CBD companies. Some of the most well-known athletes using CBD are Rickie Fowler, Eddie Hall (The Beast), Mike Tyson, Megan Rapinoe, George Kruis, and Nate Diaz. Runners, martial art athletes, para-athletes and sports enthusiasts are increasingly making use of CBD. Always Pure Organics advise all users to research first and ensure that the CBD products are from regulated, reliable and trusted retailers, brands and manufacturers.

If taking medication, It is always advisable to consult with a doctor before taking CBD. Do not take CBD if pregnant or breastfeeding.

Our Regional Director – Asia, Chikako Yoshida, was invited to discuss potential changes to Japanese Cannabis Law in February this year.

Organiser: Hideo Nagayoshi (Journalist)
Guest speakers: Saya Takagi (Former actress), Michiko Kameishi (Lawyer)

Did you know?

The Japanese government are currently considering introducing a new law to arrest people for smoking and ingesting cannabis.

“The debate and discussion amongst the Japanese authorities and expert groups are mainly THC level not CBD.”

Currently, the Cannabis Control Act only punishes people who possess or cultivate it. Our Regional Director – Asia Chikako Yoshida was invited to discuss international trends within CBD and Cannabinoids, the international tendency towards decriminalisation and depenalisation of marijuana use, and the future of CBD with the example of the Novel Food Application process in the UK.

Further Reading
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/02/06/national/media-national/marijuana-law-reform-japan/
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/01/22/national/japan-marijuana-law/
https://www.tokyoreporter.com/japan/osaka-lawyer-says-japans-marijuana-regulations-are-absurd/
http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=2594&vm=&re
http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=2849&vm=04re=02

As the CBD market continues to grow, there are many new consumers who have questions around what it is, the benefits and advisories. Below Always Pure Organics’ Chief Scientific Officer Andrew Megahy answers the most common and frequently asked CBD related questions.

Will CBD help me to sleep?
Possibly. There is research to suggest that CBD can help you fall asleep, but also some that indicates it may impair certain aspects such as wakefulness. More research is required to give a definitive answer.

Is CBD dangerous?
Not at all. The World Health Organisation has recognised CBD as having “no potential for abuse and no potential to produce dependence. It does not have significant ill-effects”.

Can I drive using CBD?
There are currently no laws regarding driving after taking CBD, but we recommend against it exactly for this reason. Until a definitive stance is taken, it’s much safer to avoid it, especially since CBD products can contain minute amounts of THC that may make you fail a standard drug test.

Will CBD show up on a drug screen?
Unless the test is specifically looking for CBD it should not show up, but as mentioned above some CBD products will contain detectable levels of THC, which most likely will show up.

Can I drink alcohol with CBD?
There has been some research looking at the effects of CBD and alcohol. Some of it suggests that CBD has a protective effect against cell damage, some suggests that taking both together increases each effect. Until a definitive answer is found regarding the exact effects, we suggest caution in this regard.

Would CBD interact with my medications?
Yes, CBD has been shown to interact with some medications. CBD is primarily metabolised through CYP3A enzymes, inhibiting their ability to process other chemicals effectively. We strongly recommend consulting with your doctor prior to taking CBD if you are currently using any medications.

Is there an age limit/requirement for taking CBD?
It varies per country, but currently in the UK there are no legal restrictions on who can purchase CBD. It is not a controlled substance and has yet to be put through any regulatory pathway (though Novel Foods will change this).

Could I be allergic to CBD?
Very unlikely. Because of how similar CBD is to your endocannabinoids and how it binds to cell receptors, it would be difficult to induce an allergic response from the body.

Can I overdose on CBD?
No. Studies have shown CBD to be very well tolerated in a number of species, even at extremely high doses. With prices how they are currently and how diluted most products are, it is incredibly unlikely you’d ever reach the required mass of CBD to cause a typical overdose.

What is the recommended dosage of CBD?
It depends on too many factors to give a simple answer. What you’re taking the CBD for, what strength your chosen product is, how much exposure your body has had previously to cannabinoids, method of delivery, etc. The best advice is to start with a small dose and work your way up over a long period of time until you reach the desired effect.

Can I take CBD when pregnant/breastfeeding?
No. Because of how the endocannabinoid system works in young people and the lack of significant research carried out in this area, we do not recommend taking CBD while pregnant/breastfeeding. Safety in this regard has not been proven yet.

Can I give my CBD to my dog or cat?
Technically no. Most animals have an endocannabinoid system so should feel the same benefits of CBD as humans do, but in the UK at least, CBD products for animals have to be regulated as Veterinary Medicines. Currently, no-one holds an authorisation for these products.

Is it better to take CBD in the morning or an evening?
The time you take CBD doesn’t matter, but what can help with absorption is to take it with a high-fat meal. An introduction of fats increases the volume of chemicals your body produces to transport oil-based/soluble chemicals, which includes CBD.

Is CBD a painkiller?
Possibly. Again, some studies show CBD’s effectiveness at mitigating pain signals, but only through more thorough research can the actual efficacy be determined. The major factors are the type of pain, method of delivery and dose of CBD.

Will CBD make me ‘high’?
No. The method through which CBD binds to your endocannabinoid receptors means that it cannot induce a high in the same way that THC can.

What is the difference in MG or ML etc? What defines the strength and what does that mean?
Milligrams (mg) refers to the weight of CBD in a given product, while millilitres (ml) refers to the total volume of the product, which will include the CBD and whatever carrier it is in (typically an oil). Often, the strength will be given as a percentage, which indicates how much of the total product is CBD (1000mg in a 10ml bottle is 10%, for example). This allows for easy comparison between products.

Isn’t CBD illegal?
The legality of CBD varies widely depending on the country. In Bolivia, it is entirely illegal, while in South Korea it is only available with a medical prescription. In the UK food products must have a Novel Foods application, whereas in Bulgaria there are no restrictions on the sale of CBD.

Does CBD help muscle recovery?
Possibly. Again, there is research to suggest CBD can help with muscle recovery, but more in-depth study is required to determine exactly how effective it is.

How does CBD affect athletic performance?
There are a growing number of athletes who swear by CBD and its positive benefits for things like recovery, pain –relief and mitigation of inflammation.

Will CBD make me drowsy?
Unlikely. During clinical trials for Epidyolex (a CBD-based medicine produced by GW Pharma) one of the noted side-effects was sleepiness. However, all the participants were taking anti-epilepsy medications concurrently, so more specialist research is required to determine how likely this is. Again, at the doses most people have access to, this is very unlikely to be an issue.

Why are there different types of ‘mixer oils’
Different benefits. MCT is very smooth and mostly tasteless, with a good mix of medium-chain triglycerides, while something like hemp seed oil is full of non-saturated fats, omega-3 and omega-6.

Are CBD oils sugar free?
That would depend on the oil. The best way to find out is to check the ingredients list on the packaging.

Can I get addicted to CBD?
Not physically. Again, because of the method through which CBD binds to your endocannabinoid receptors, it does not induce a physical ‘craving’ in the same way that opioids might and there is evidence to suggest it can mitigate addiction to things like nicotine.

What does CBD stand for?
Cannabidiol

How is best to take CBD?
This will depend on your requirements. If you want to try and reduce the inflammation in your hands from arthritis, a cream would be best. If you’re trying to reduce your general anxiety, perhaps an oil would be best.

How long does it take to work and how long does it last?
This depends on the method of delivery. Vaping is faster than sublingual (under the tongue), which is also faster than ingestion. As with many medicines, the longer it takes to begin acting, typically the longer the effects will last.

I’m on medication for anxiety, can I take CBD too or should I speak to my doctor?
Always speak to your doctor. CBD still isn’t fully understood regarding how it interacts with medications, though we do know some that it will definitely interact with. Your doctor will always understand your situation better than someone who’s job involves selling CBD.

How long does CBD stay in my system?
Potentially several days, depending on how often you take it and how much. It is an oil-soluble compound, meaning it has much better absorption into the fleshy tissues than a water-soluble compound.

When did CBD get ‘discovered’?
CBD was first extracted from the Cannabis plant in 1940, though it wasn’t until 1963 that Raphael Mechoulam described the chemical structure of the compound.

Does CBD affect birth control?
Possibly. There are many medications that CBD interacts with, so it’s better to play it safe and consult with a doctor before taking CBD concurrently with any other active compounds.

Where does CBD come from?
CBD is primarily extracted from the Cannabis sativa plant, though recently there has been success in extracting it from oranges.

How does CBD enhance my workout?
It could potentially lower your stress/anxiety to help you focus, but it’s not going to have the same effect as consuming a pre-workout shake or warming up correctly.

Does CBD contain caffeine?
No.

What does CBD balm do?
Everything CBD does normally, though in a balm form it is most useful for local application. For example, if you had arthritis in your hands it could potentially provide targeted anti-inflammatory benefits.

Is CBD a natural anti-inflammatory?
Research suggests so. CBD indirectly binds to cell receptors and limits the normal binding efficiency of them, lowering the number of messages they can send. For inflammation, this means less inflammatory signals get sent through and the inflammation is therefore less severe.

Can CBD cosmetics be used on sensitive skin?
This depends mostly on the other ingredients in the cosmetic. CBD itself shouldn’t pose an issue to sensitive skin, and there are case studies where cannabinoid medicines have shown effectiveness in healing wounds.

Can CBD help burns?
Maybe. Research in this area isn’t well advanced, so in the meantime I recommend using a proven burn-relief cream.

Can CBD cream help reduce stretchmarks?
There are many products which claim to reduce or even remove stretch marks, but the efficacy of these is disputed. I wouldn’t rely on CBD to do so until definitive research comes out supporting this.

 

If you have any more questions around CBD not covered here, get in touch with our team today: https://www.alwayspureorganics.com/contact/

As the CBD market continues to grow, there are many new consumers who have questions around what it is, the benefits and advisories. Below Always Pure Organics’ Chief Scientific Officer Andrew Megahy answers the most common and frequently asked CBD related questions.

Will CBD help me to sleep?
Possibly. There is research to suggest that CBD can help you fall asleep, but also some that indicates it may impair certain aspects such as wakefulness. More research is required to give a definitive answer.

Is CBD dangerous?
Not at all. The World Health Organisation has recognised CBD as having “no potential for abuse and no potential to produce dependence. It does not have significant ill-effects”.

Can I drive using CBD?
There are currently no laws regarding driving after taking CBD, but we recommend against it exactly for this reason. Until a definitive stance is taken, it’s much safer to avoid it, especially since CBD products can contain minute amounts of THC that may make you fail a standard drug test.

Will CBD show up on a drug screen?
Unless the test is specifically looking for CBD it should not show up, but as mentioned above some CBD products will contain detectable levels of THC, which most likely will show up.

Can I drink alcohol with CBD?
There has been some research looking at the effects of CBD and alcohol. Some of it suggests that CBD has a protective effect against cell damage, some suggests that taking both together increases each effect. Until a definitive answer is found regarding the exact effects, we suggest caution in this regard.

Would CBD interact with my medications?
Yes, CBD has been shown to interact with some medications. CBD is primarily metabolised through CYP3A enzymes, inhibiting their ability to process other chemicals effectively. We strongly recommend consulting with your doctor prior to taking CBD if you are currently using any medications.

Is there an age limit/requirement for taking CBD?
It varies per country, but currently in the UK there are no legal restrictions on who can purchase CBD. It is not a controlled substance and has yet to be put through any regulatory pathway (though Novel Foods will change this).

Could I be allergic to CBD?
Very unlikely. Because of how similar CBD is to your endocannabinoids and how it binds to cell receptors, it would be difficult to induce an allergic response from the body.

Can I overdose on CBD?
No. Studies have shown CBD to be very well tolerated in a number of species, even at extremely high doses. With prices how they are currently and how diluted most products are, it is incredibly unlikely you’d ever reach the required mass of CBD to cause a typical overdose.

What is the recommended dosage of CBD?
It depends on too many factors to give a simple answer. What you’re taking the CBD for, what strength your chosen product is, how much exposure your body has had previously to cannabinoids, method of delivery, etc. The best advice is to start with a small dose and work your way up over a long period of time until you reach the desired effect.

Can I take CBD when pregnant/breastfeeding?
No. Because of how the endocannabinoid system works in young people and the lack of significant research carried out in this area, we do not recommend taking CBD while pregnant/breastfeeding. Safety in this regard has not been proven yet.

Can I give my CBD to my dog or cat?
Technically no. Most animals have an endocannabinoid system so should feel the same benefits of CBD as humans do, but in the UK at least, CBD products for animals have to be regulated as Veterinary Medicines. Currently, no-one holds an authorisation for these products.

Is it better to take CBD in the morning or an evening?
The time you take CBD doesn’t matter, but what can help with absorption is to take it with a high-fat meal. An introduction of fats increases the volume of chemicals your body produces to transport oil-based/soluble chemicals, which includes CBD.

Is CBD a painkiller?
Possibly. Again, some studies show CBD’s effectiveness at mitigating pain signals, but only through more thorough research can the actual efficacy be determined. The major factors are the type of pain, method of delivery and dose of CBD.

Will CBD make me ‘high’?
No. The method through which CBD binds to your endocannabinoid receptors means that it cannot induce a high in the same way that THC can.

What is the difference in MG or ML etc? What defines the strength and what does that mean?
Milligrams (mg) refers to the weight of CBD in a given product, while millilitres (ml) refers to the total volume of the product, which will include the CBD and whatever carrier it is in (typically an oil). Often, the strength will be given as a percentage, which indicates how much of the total product is CBD (1000mg in a 10ml bottle is 10%, for example). This allows for easy comparison between products.

Isn’t CBD illegal?
The legality of CBD varies widely depending on the country. In Bolivia, it is entirely illegal, while in South Korea it is only available with a medical prescription. In the UK food products must have a Novel Foods application, whereas in Bulgaria there are no restrictions on the sale of CBD.

Does CBD help muscle recovery?
Possibly. Again, there is research to suggest CBD can help with muscle recovery, but more in-depth study is required to determine exactly how effective it is.

How does CBD affect athletic performance?
There are a growing number of athletes who swear by CBD and its positive benefits for things like recovery, pain –relief and mitigation of inflammation.

Will CBD make me drowsy?
Unlikely. During clinical trials for Epidyolex (a CBD-based medicine produced by GW Pharma) one of the noted side-effects was sleepiness. However, all the participants were taking anti-epilepsy medications concurrently, so more specialist research is required to determine how likely this is. Again, at the doses most people have access to, this is very unlikely to be an issue.

Why are there different types of ‘mixer oils’
Different benefits. MCT is very smooth and mostly tasteless, with a good mix of medium-chain triglycerides, while something like hemp seed oil is full of non-saturated fats, omega-3 and omega-6.

Are CBD oils sugar free?
That would depend on the oil. The best way to find out is to check the ingredients list on the packaging.

Can I get addicted to CBD?
Not physically. Again, because of the method through which CBD binds to your endocannabinoid receptors, it does not induce a physical ‘craving’ in the same way that opioids might and there is evidence to suggest it can mitigate addiction to things like nicotine.

What does CBD stand for?
Cannabidiol

How is best to take CBD?
This will depend on your requirements. If you want to try and reduce the inflammation in your hands from arthritis, a cream would be best. If you’re trying to reduce your general anxiety, perhaps an oil would be best.

How long does it take to work and how long does it last?
This depends on the method of delivery. Vaping is faster than sublingual (under the tongue), which is also faster than ingestion. As with many medicines, the longer it takes to begin acting, typically the longer the effects will last.

I’m on medication for anxiety, can I take CBD too or should I speak to my doctor?
Always speak to your doctor. CBD still isn’t fully understood regarding how it interacts with medications, though we do know some that it will definitely interact with. Your doctor will always understand your situation better than someone who’s job involves selling CBD.

How long does CBD stay in my system?
Potentially several days, depending on how often you take it and how much. It is an oil-soluble compound, meaning it has much better absorption into the fleshy tissues than a water-soluble compound.

When did CBD get ‘discovered’?
CBD was first extracted from the Cannabis plant in 1940, though it wasn’t until 1963 that Raphael Mechoulam described the chemical structure of the compound.

Does CBD affect birth control?
Possibly. There are many medications that CBD interacts with, so it’s better to play it safe and consult with a doctor before taking CBD concurrently with any other active compounds.

Where does CBD come from?
CBD is primarily extracted from the Cannabis sativa plant, though recently there has been success in extracting it from oranges.

How does CBD enhance my workout?
It could potentially lower your stress/anxiety to help you focus, but it’s not going to have the same effect as consuming a pre-workout shake or warming up correctly.

Does CBD contain caffeine?
No.

What does CBD balm do?
Everything CBD does normally, though in a balm form it is most useful for local application. For example, if you had arthritis in your hands it could potentially provide targeted anti-inflammatory benefits.

Is CBD a natural anti-inflammatory?
Research suggests so. CBD indirectly binds to cell receptors and limits the normal binding efficiency of them, lowering the number of messages they can send. For inflammation, this means less inflammatory signals get sent through and the inflammation is therefore less severe.

Can CBD cosmetics be used on sensitive skin?
This depends mostly on the other ingredients in the cosmetic. CBD itself shouldn’t pose an issue to sensitive skin, and there are case studies where cannabinoid medicines have shown effectiveness in healing wounds.

Can CBD help burns?
Maybe. Research in this area isn’t well advanced, so in the meantime I recommend using a proven burn-relief cream.

Can CBD cream help reduce stretchmarks?
There are many products which claim to reduce or even remove stretch marks, but the efficacy of these is disputed. I wouldn’t rely on CBD to do so until definitive research comes out supporting this.

 

If you have any more questions around CBD not covered here, get in touch with our team today: https://www.alwayspureorganics.com/contact/

According to Borwin Bandelow (2015) large population-based surveys, have shown that up to 33.7% of the population will be affected by an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. In fact, a great amount of CBD users, claim to use the Cannabinoid to treat their stress or anxiety symptoms – but is there any scientific basis on CBD treating anxiety? And if so, how does it work? To answer that, we first need to understand more about stress and anxiety.

Stress is the natural response of the body to danger or unfavourable environmental conditions. It has been reported in animals, and plants and it is usually a signal from the body, urging it to work harder to survive. It is natural to feel stressed at times, but if the feelings of stress appear for no particular reason, or a person has been experiencing increased stress over a prolonged period, this could be a sign of anxiety. Feeling a little anxious at various high-pressure times in life is to be expected, for example, during a house move, writing the first article at a new job or going on an aeroplane for the first time. This is the body’s natural response to a threat or danger or new unknown experience. By releasing stress hormones like adrenaline, serotonin and cortisol (Zuardi AW, et al., 1993) (yes, anxiety does make the body feel bloated, it is not the work of the imagination), the body is alerting the subject to be prepared and take extra notice as a safeguard. If functioning ‘normally’ once settled into your new environment, or the stressful circumstances have passed, this ‘high alert’ mode in the body should fade and allow function to resume as it did prior to the threat of ‘danger’. However for those with an anxiety disorder these feelings of fear and danger are ongoing, irrelevant to external factors, which can have a negative impact on the everyday life of the sufferer. The comprehensive causes of anxiety are not clear yet, but there have been remedies proven to help with the symptoms.

Anxiety symptoms can be mental, physical or a combination of both.

Examples of mental symptoms that can be experienced by those suffering with anxiety disorders	People with anxiety disorders might also experience physical symptoms
Racing thoughts	Sweating
Uncontrollable over-thinking	Heavy and fast breathing
Difficulties concentrating	Hot flushes and blushing
Feelings of dread, panic or ‘impending doom’	Dry mouth
Feeling irritable	Shaking
Heightened alertness	Hair loss
Problems with sleeping	Fast heartbeat
Changes in appetite	Extreme tiredness or lack of energy
Wanting to escape from the situation you are in	Dizziness and fainting
Disassociation – feeling disconnected from your body	Stomach aches and sickness

 

Although the exact and comprehensive causes of anxiety are not defined – it could be genetic factors or life events, circumstances and drug use- there are many suggested treatments that do not require medication. Often in the first instance mindful practices and exercise such as yoga are proposed, along with psychoeducational groups, self help books, meditation and others forms of self-care.  If after using these techniques the anxiety symptoms are still causing distress, the patient’s GP may suggest trying some prescribed anxiety medication. The most commonly prescribed medication for anxiety and depression are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. Andrew Megahy, Always Pure Organics’ Chief Scientific Officer,  has covered neurotransmitters in more detail here.

Always Pure Organics have partnered with Project CBD Japan, who in turn have teamed up with Green Zone Japan, which advocates for medical cannabis research, to create a Japanese-language version of Project CBD’s educational website.

The site is updated regularly as part of a collaborative effort from Project CBD and Green Zone Japan.  Always Pure Organics sponsors the project, which aims to make cutting-edge information about cannabis science and therapeutics available to 130 million Japanese-speaking people at a time when cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychotropic cannabinoid, has taken Tokyo by storm.

Always Pure Organics also supports GZJ’s programme named Midori-no-wa (Green Circle) for children with intractable epilepsy aiming at taking a leading role in increasing the awareness of the potential of CBD and medical cannabis.

To find out more about the project, or to start your Japanese CBD journey, contact chikako.yoshida@alwayspureorganics.com

Always Pure Organics aim to be the driving force behind the global understanding, research, education, and ultimately distribution of cannabis derived products.

We offer the highest quality wholesale legal cannabis and cannabinoid products, as bulk ingredients, bulk products, white label, and bespoke formulations. This is coupled with regulatory and legal expertise and supported by delivery within three working days across Europe.

Our unique bespoke formulation products allow our customers to create their own product from scratch, whilst we provide the regulatory and product knowledge, as well as production of the product.

To find out more about how Always Pure Organics can support your business on their CBD journey visit alwayspureorganics.com or follow us on LinkedIn.

According to Borwin Bandelow (2015) large population-based surveys, have shown that up to 33.7% of the population will be affected by an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. In fact, a great amount of CBD users, claim to use the Cannabinoid to treat their stress or anxiety symptoms – but is there any scientific basis on CBD treating anxiety? And if so, how does it work? To answer that, we first need to understand more about stress and anxiety. Stress is the natural response of the body to danger or unfavourable environmental conditions. It has been reported in animals, and plants and it is usually a signal from the body, urging it to work harder to survive. It is natural to feel stressed at times, but if the feelings of stress appear for no particular reason, or a person has been experiencing increased stress over a prolonged period, this could be a sign of anxiety. Feeling a little anxious at various high-pressure times in life is to be expected, for example, during a house move, writing the first article at a new job or going on an aeroplane for the first time. This is the body’s natural response to a threat or danger or new unknown experience. By releasing stress hormones like adrenaline, serotonin and cortisol (Zuardi AW, et al., 1993) (yes, anxiety does make the body feel bloated, it is not the work of the imagination), the body is alerting the subject to be prepared and take extra notice as a safeguard. If functioning ‘normally’ once settled into your new environment, or the stressful circumstances have passed, this ‘high alert’ mode in the body should fade and allow function to resume as it did prior to the threat of ‘danger’. However for those with an anxiety disorder these feelings of fear and danger are ongoing, irrelevant to external factors, which can have a negative impact on the everyday life of the sufferer. The comprehensive causes of anxiety are not clear yet, but there have been remedies proven to help with the symptoms. Anxiety symptoms can be mental, physical or a combination of both.

Examples of mental symptoms that can be experienced by those suffering with anxiety disorders	People with anxiety disorders might also experience physical symptoms
Racing thoughts	Sweating
Uncontrollable over-thinking	Heavy and fast breathing
Difficulties concentrating	Hot flushes and blushing
Feelings of dread, panic or ‘impending doom’	Dry mouth
Feeling irritable	Shaking
Heightened alertness	Hair loss
Problems with sleeping	Fast heartbeat
Changes in appetite	Extreme tiredness or lack of energy
Wanting to escape from the situation you are in	Dizziness and fainting
Disassociation – feeling disconnected from your body	Stomach aches and sickness

  Although the exact and comprehensive causes of anxiety are not defined – it could be genetic factors or life events, circumstances and drug use- there are many suggested treatments that do not require medication. Often in the first instance mindful practices and exercise such as yoga are proposed, along with psychoeducational groups, self help books, meditation and others forms of self-care.  If after using these techniques the anxiety symptoms are still causing distress, the patient’s GP may suggest trying some prescribed anxiety medication. The most commonly prescribed medication for anxiety and depression are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. Andrew Megahy, Always Pure Organics’ Chief Scientific Officer,  has covered neurotransmitters in more detail here.

According to Borwin Bandelow (2015) large population-based surveys, have shown that up to 33.7% of the population will be affected by an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. In fact, a great amount of CBD users, claim to use the Cannabinoid to treat their stress or anxiety symptoms – but is there any scientific basis on CBD treating anxiety? And if so, how does it work? To answer that, we first need to understand more about stress and anxiety. Stress is the natural response of the body to danger or unfavourable environmental conditions. It has been reported in animals, and plants and it is usually a signal from the body, urging it to work harder to survive. It is natural to feel stressed at times, but if the feelings of stress appear for no particular reason, or a person has been experiencing increased stress over a prolonged period, this could be a sign of anxiety. Feeling a little anxious at various high-pressure times in life is to be expected, for example, during a house move, writing the first article at a new job or going on an aeroplane for the first time. This is the body’s natural response to a threat or danger or new unknown experience. By releasing stress hormones like adrenaline, serotonin and cortisol (Zuardi AW, et al., 1993) (yes, anxiety does make the body feel bloated, it is not the work of the imagination), the body is alerting the subject to be prepared and take extra notice as a safeguard. If functioning ‘normally’ once settled into your new environment, or the stressful circumstances have passed, this ‘high alert’ mode in the body should fade and allow function to resume as it did prior to the threat of ‘danger’. However for those with an anxiety disorder these feelings of fear and danger are ongoing, irrelevant to external factors, which can have a negative impact on the everyday life of the sufferer. The comprehensive causes of anxiety are not clear yet, but there have been remedies proven to help with the symptoms. Anxiety symptoms can be mental, physical or a combination of both.

Examples of mental symptoms that can be experienced by those suffering with anxiety disorders	People with anxiety disorders might also experience physical symptoms
Racing thoughts	Sweating
Uncontrollable over-thinking	Heavy and fast breathing
Difficulties concentrating	Hot flushes and blushing
Feelings of dread, panic or ‘impending doom’	Dry mouth
Feeling irritable	Shaking
Heightened alertness	Hair loss
Problems with sleeping	Fast heartbeat
Changes in appetite	Extreme tiredness or lack of energy
Wanting to escape from the situation you are in	Dizziness and fainting
Disassociation – feeling disconnected from your body	Stomach aches and sickness

  Although the exact and comprehensive causes of anxiety are not defined – it could be genetic factors or life events, circumstances and drug use- there are many suggested treatments that do not require medication. Often in the first instance mindful practices and exercise such as yoga are proposed, along with psychoeducational groups, self help books, meditation and others forms of self-care.  If after using these techniques the anxiety symptoms are still causing distress, the patient’s GP may suggest trying some prescribed anxiety medication. The most commonly prescribed medication for anxiety and depression are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. Andrew Megahy, Always Pure Organics’ Chief Scientific Officer,  has covered neurotransmitters in more detail here.

Always Pure Organics are very proud to be supporting the “Midori-no-wa (Green Circle) project for children with intractable epilepsy in Japan” with Green Zone Japan.

Green Zone Japan is a Japanese medical cannabis advocacy group focusing on bringing evidence-based, accurate and up-to-date information on medical cannabis to Japanese medical professionals and the general public.

Since June 2020, we have supported around 30 patients so far and amongst them, 7 patients including 2.5 years old girl (featured) whose seizures were completely eliminated by our THC Free Distillate.  

One of the problems we have in Japan is that, due to being unable to manufacture source material domestically, people rely on imported products; this drives up retail prices, making it extremely difficult for anyone to use high enough dosages to be therapeutically effective on a continual basis.

Therefore, we decided to support providing paediatric patients access to therapeutic level doses of CBD products at an affordable price. We do this with the understanding and consent of the patients’ primary doctors so as not to disturb their treatment regimen and to cause adverse drug interactions.

Innovation, reliability, in-depth knowledge of key growth drivers for CBD brands

At Always Pure Organics we pride ourselves on being a reliable partner for bulk supply of high-quality CBD isolate, sourced solely from Switzerland. Our products are also the highest Swiss quality, which combined with our excellent producer relationship and sales team, has allowed us to supply approximately 15% of the entire EU market for bulk cannabis products. Not content to rest on our laurels, however, we are constantly looking for both new partners, products and avenues through which to supply them.

With our headquarters in Scotland and our main base of operations located in Manchester, we are optimally placed to easily serve any location in the UK. Additionally, our proximity to Manchester Airport means we can readily supply anywhere in Europe, even if it means sending a vehicle to the depot personally rather than relying on pickup. This combination of location and dedication to delivering is what enables us to firmly cement our policy of next day delivery, something the company has prided itself on since our inception.

In addition to our successes in the EU and UK markets, we also have substantial experience supplying goods into Japan, where we have been helping drive the development of the rapidly expanding CBD industry that is flourishing there. In particular, we have recently partnered with a medical doctor who is researching the potential benefits for the treatment of Dravet’s syndrome – a rare form of epilepsy which the medicinal CBD product Epidyolex has been approved for. Even when they are for medical purposes, there are a myriad of restrictions and legalities surrounding the import of cannabis products into Japan. Our ability to deliver these sometimes controversial products consistently and successfully requires exemplary knowledge of regulations and constant communication with customs authorities. We particularly pride ourselves on the strong relations we have built with various customs organisations in Japan, Switzerland and the UK. The accrual of knowledge required to achieve this was possible only through constant learning and growth by the company.

This growth was entirely due to our extremely dedicated, knowledgeable and experienced workforce. With specialist departments dedicated to sales, customer relations, production, and research and product formulation, we are able to provide any service and to support our clients in any way they require. Our team come from a diverse array of backgrounds and provide the company with a range of skills and expertise, including pharmacy, science, international business and business management. We have the management structure and business protocols in place to accommodate continued expansion of the business, and part of this preparation involves our successful adoption of the ISO 9001 certification for quality management systems and the ISO 22716, which covers Good Manufacturing Practice in the cosmetics industry. The company’s next step in this process is to complete ISO 13485, a prerequisite for the creation of medical products. Based on our progress with prior elements, we expect to be awarded our current Good Manufacturing Practice certificates by the middle of June and then obtain full medical compliance a few months thereafter. All our standards are overseen by our in-house compliance officer and are subject to intense scrutiny by external auditors.